viernes, 5 de noviembre de 2010
BULIMIA
What is it?
People with bulimia are unable to overcome the impulses that lead them to eat, but the guilt and shame after eating many foods leads them to a purge (self-induced vomiting or use of laxatives or diuretics or both), or rigorous exercise regimes too much to counteract the effects of large meals.
Bulimics are about 15 episodes of bingeing and vomiting for weeks and, in general, their weight is normal, so it is difficult to detect the disease. In a single binge can consume from 10,000 to 40,000 calories.
People with bulimia are unable to overcome the impulses that lead them to eat, but the guilt and shame after eating many foods leads them to a purge (self-induced vomiting or use of laxatives or diuretics or both), or rigorous exercise regimes too much to counteract the effects of large meals.
Bulimics are about 15 episodes of bingeing and vomiting for weeks and, in general, their weight is normal, so it is difficult to detect the disease. In a single binge can consume from 10,000 to 40,000 calories.
Bulimia
Causes
At the origin of this disease involving biological, psychological and social, thus impeding the vision that the patient has of himself and respond to a great fear of gaining weight. The bulimic patient is always fat, even if your weight is normal, but can not suppress their cravings. Bulimia usually occurs after making damaging numerous diets without medical supervision. Food limitation imposed by the patient leads to a strong state of anxiety and a pathological need to ingest large quantities of food.
Hitherto unknown biological vulnerability involved in the development of the disease and are known trigger factors related to the social environment, diet and fear of ridicule on the physical. Many of the factors coincide with those of anorexia, and affective disorders arising in the family, drug abuse, obesity, diabetes mellitus, certain personality traits and distorted ideas of the body.
At the origin of this disease involving biological, psychological and social, thus impeding the vision that the patient has of himself and respond to a great fear of gaining weight. The bulimic patient is always fat, even if your weight is normal, but can not suppress their cravings. Bulimia usually occurs after making damaging numerous diets without medical supervision. Food limitation imposed by the patient leads to a strong state of anxiety and a pathological need to ingest large quantities of food.
Hitherto unknown biological vulnerability involved in the development of the disease and are known trigger factors related to the social environment, diet and fear of ridicule on the physical. Many of the factors coincide with those of anorexia, and affective disorders arising in the family, drug abuse, obesity, diabetes mellitus, certain personality traits and distorted ideas of the body.
Bulimia Symptoms
Generally, people with bulimia have been obese or have made numerous diets without medical supervision. They try to hide the vomiting and purging, so that the disease often goes unnoticed for long. Typical symptoms of a pattern of bulimia are:
* Food binges or overeating: The patient eats a large amount of food in a very short space of time. Has no control over eating and anxiety is such that he believes can not stop eating.
* To prevent weight gain and compensate for binge eating or excessive eating are causing vomiting, use laxatives, diuretics, drugs, or uses other means to enable control weight, as the abusive practice of sports.
* The cycle of bingeing and vomiting are manifested at least twice a week.
* The patient's self-esteem is low and identifies with his body.
Generally, people with bulimia have been obese or have made numerous diets without medical supervision. They try to hide the vomiting and purging, so that the disease often goes unnoticed for long. Typical symptoms of a pattern of bulimia are:
* Food binges or overeating: The patient eats a large amount of food in a very short space of time. Has no control over eating and anxiety is such that he believes can not stop eating.
* To prevent weight gain and compensate for binge eating or excessive eating are causing vomiting, use laxatives, diuretics, drugs, or uses other means to enable control weight, as the abusive practice of sports.
* The cycle of bingeing and vomiting are manifested at least twice a week.
* The patient's self-esteem is low and identifies with his body.
Also, there are other physical and emotional changes (depression, anxiety) that show the development of the disease. Bulimics are overweight, even when their weight is normal, are ashamed of their body and reject it, so try to diet at all times. Nevertheless, the compulsive eating in secret or at night is one of the main characteristics of this disease. Can spend a lot of money on food or to use already have at home, begins to disappear mysteriously from the pantry. Feel no pleasure in eating or preferences regarding the type of food, just looking satisfied. Try to avoid places where there is food and try to eat alone. His antisocial behavior is usually tend to be isolated, and food is their only topic of conversation. In addition, lack of control over the food they produce great feelings of guilt and shame.
As for the physical signs that show the disease include weakness, headaches, swelling of the face by increased salivary and parotid glands, teeth problems, dizziness, hair loss, menstrual irregularities, and sharp increases and weight reductions, but usually do not suffer a swing weight as important as manifested in anorexia. Bulimia can be accompanied by other disorders such as kleptomania, alcoholism and sexual promiscuity. Clinical implications:
* Arrhythmias that can lead to heart attacks.
* Dehydration.
* Colon irritable and megacolon.
* Reflux.
* Hernia hiatal.
* Loss of bone mass.
* Esophageal perforation.
* Breaks stomach.
* Pancreatitis.
As for the physical signs that show the disease include weakness, headaches, swelling of the face by increased salivary and parotid glands, teeth problems, dizziness, hair loss, menstrual irregularities, and sharp increases and weight reductions, but usually do not suffer a swing weight as important as manifested in anorexia. Bulimia can be accompanied by other disorders such as kleptomania, alcoholism and sexual promiscuity. Clinical implications:
* Arrhythmias that can lead to heart attacks.
* Dehydration.
* Colon irritable and megacolon.
* Reflux.
* Hernia hiatal.
* Loss of bone mass.
* Esophageal perforation.
* Breaks stomach.
* Pancreatitis.
Bulimia
Diagnostics
The doctor suspected bulimia nervosa if a person is too concerned about the increase in weight, which has large fluctuations, especially if there are signs of excessive use of laxatives. Other tracks include swelling of the salivary glands of the cheeks, scars on the knuckles for using fingers to induce vomiting, erosion of tooth enamel due to stomach acid and a low blood potassium. However, the diagnosis depends on the patient's description of a behavior-purge overeating.
Diagnosis is difficult as episodes of binge eating and vomiting are hidden easily. In addition, some symptoms can be confused with other diseases. For a proper diagnosis is needed psychiatric interview that reveals the perception that the patient has the body and its relationship with food. It is necessary a complete physical examination to detect disorders result of their feeding behavior. The goals of treatment are correct eating disorders and psychological illness.
The doctor suspected bulimia nervosa if a person is too concerned about the increase in weight, which has large fluctuations, especially if there are signs of excessive use of laxatives. Other tracks include swelling of the salivary glands of the cheeks, scars on the knuckles for using fingers to induce vomiting, erosion of tooth enamel due to stomach acid and a low blood potassium. However, the diagnosis depends on the patient's description of a behavior-purge overeating.
Diagnosis is difficult as episodes of binge eating and vomiting are hidden easily. In addition, some symptoms can be confused with other diseases. For a proper diagnosis is needed psychiatric interview that reveals the perception that the patient has the body and its relationship with food. It is necessary a complete physical examination to detect disorders result of their feeding behavior. The goals of treatment are correct eating disorders and psychological illness.
Bulimia
Treatments
The two approaches to treatment are psychotherapy and medication. That psychotherapy is best done by a therapist with experience appetite changes, can be very effective. An antidepressant drug can often help control bulimia nervosa, even if the person does not seem depressed, but the disorder may recur on stopping the drug.
Under gravity may turn to a hospitalization or outpatient treatment. First is to avoid vomiting, normalize the metabolic functioning of the patient, imposing a balanced diet and new eating habits. Along with this treatment, channeled to the physical, psychological treatment is developed to restructure the rational ideas and correct misconceptions that the patient has of his own body. Treatment also involves the collaboration of the family, because sometimes the factor that triggers the disease is in its midst. The cure for bulimia is reached in 40 percent of cases, while intermittent disease tends to become chronic. The mortality from this disease exceeds that of the anorexia due to complications arising from the use of vomiting and purging.
The two approaches to treatment are psychotherapy and medication. That psychotherapy is best done by a therapist with experience appetite changes, can be very effective. An antidepressant drug can often help control bulimia nervosa, even if the person does not seem depressed, but the disorder may recur on stopping the drug.
Under gravity may turn to a hospitalization or outpatient treatment. First is to avoid vomiting, normalize the metabolic functioning of the patient, imposing a balanced diet and new eating habits. Along with this treatment, channeled to the physical, psychological treatment is developed to restructure the rational ideas and correct misconceptions that the patient has of his own body. Treatment also involves the collaboration of the family, because sometimes the factor that triggers the disease is in its midst. The cure for bulimia is reached in 40 percent of cases, while intermittent disease tends to become chronic. The mortality from this disease exceeds that of the anorexia due to complications arising from the use of vomiting and purging.
jueves, 4 de noviembre de 2010
BULIMIA
¿Qué es?
Las personas que padecen bulimia son incapaces de dominar los impulsos que les llevan a comer, pero el sentimiento de culpa y vergüenza tras ingerir muchos alimentos les lleva a una purga (vómitos autoinducidos o empleo de laxantes o diuréticos o ambos), regímenes rigurosos o ejercicio excesivo para contrarrestar los efectos de las abundantes comidas.
Los bulímicos tienen cerca de 15 episodios de atracones y vómitos por semana y, en general, su peso es normal, por lo que resulta difícil detectar la enfermedad. En un solo atracón pueden llegar a consumir de 10.000 a 40.000 calorías.
Bulimia
Causas
En el origen de esta enfermedad intervienen factores biológicos, psicológicos y sociales que desvirtúan la visión que el enfermo tiene de sí mismo y responden a un gran temor a engordar. El enfermo de bulimia siempre se ve gordo, aun cuando su peso es normal, pero no puede reprimir sus ansias de comer. Generalmente la bulimia se manifiesta tras haber realizado numerosas dietas dañinas sin control médico. La limitación de los alimentos impuesta por el propio enfermo le lleva a un fuerte estado de ansiedad y a la necesidad patológica de ingerir grandes cantidades de alimentos.
Hasta el momento se desconoce la vulnerabilidad biológica implicada en el desarrollo de la enfermedad y son más conocidos algunos factores desencadenantes relacionados con el entorno social, las dietas y el temor a las burlas sobre el físico. Muchos de los factores coinciden con los de la anorexia, como los trastornos afectivos surgidos en el seno familiar, el abuso de drogas, la obesidad, la diabetes mellitus, determinados rasgos de la personalidad y las ideas distorsionadas del propio cuerpo.
Síntomas de Bulimia
Generalmente las personas que padecen bulimia han sido obesas o han realizado numerosas dietas sin control médico. Tratan de ocultar los vómitos y las purgaciones, por lo que la enfermedad suele pasar desapercibida durante mucho tiempo. Los síntomas típicos de un cuadro de bulimia son los siguientes:
- Atracones o sobreingesta de alimentos: El enfermo come una gran cantidad de alimentos en un espacio de tiempo muy corto. No tiene control sobre la ingesta y es tal la ansiedad que cree que no puede parar de comer.
- Para prevenir el aumento de peso y compensar el atracón o el exceso de las comidas se provoca vómitos, utiliza laxantes, diuréticos, fármacos, o recurre a otros medios que le permitan controlar el peso, como la practica abusiva de actividades deportivas.
- Los ciclos de atracones y vómitos se manifiestan un mínimo de dos veces por semana.
- La autoestima del enfermo es baja y la identifica con su cuerpo.
Asimismo, se producen otros cambios físicos y emocionales (depresión , ansiendad) que manifiestan el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Los bulímicos se ven gordos, incluso cuando su peso es normal; se avergüenzan de su cuerpo y lo rechazan, por lo que intentan hacer dieta en todo momento. A pesar de todo, la ingestión compulsiva a escondidas o durante la noche es una de las principales características de esta patología. Pueden llegar a gastar una gran cantidad de dinero en comida o recurrir a la que ya hay en casa, que comienza a desaparecer misteriosamente de la despensa. No sienten ningún placer al comer ni preferencias en cuanto al tipo de alimentos, sólo buscan saciarse. Intentan evitar los lugares en los que hay comida y procuran comer solos. Su comportamiento suele ser asocial, tienden a aislarse, y la comida es su único tema de conversación. Además, la falta de control sobre los alimentos les produce grandes sentimientos de culpa y vergüenza.
En cuanto a los signos físicos que evidencian la enfermedad se encuentran la debilidad, dolores de cabeza; hinchazón del rostro por el aumento de las glándulas salivales y parótidas, problemas con los dientes, mareos, pérdida de cabello, irregularidades menstruales, y bruscos aumentos y reducciones de peso, aunque generalmente no sufren una oscilación de peso tan importante como la que se manifiesta en la anorexia. La bulimia puede ir acompañada de otros trastornos como la cleptomanía, el alcoholismo o la promiscuidad sexual. Consecuencias clínicas:
- Arritmias que pueden desembocar en infartos.
- Deshidratación.
- Colon irritable y megacolon.
- Reflujo gastrointestinal.
- Hernia hiatal.
- Pérdida de masa ósea.
- Perforación esofágica.
- Roturas gástricas.
- Pancreatitis.
Bulimia
Diagnósticos
El médico sospecha bulimia nerviosa si una persona está demasiado preocupada por el aumento de su peso, que presenta grandes fluctuaciones, en especial si existen signos evidentes de una utilización excesiva de laxantes. Otras pistas incluyen tumefacción de las glándulas salivales de las mejillas, cicatrices en los nudillos por haber usado los dedos para inducir el vómito, erosión del esmalte dental debido al ácido del estómago y un valor bajo de potasio sanguíneo. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico dependerá de la descripción del paciente de una conducta comida excesiva-purga.
El diagnóstico resulta complicado ya que los episodios de voracidad y vómitos se ocultan con facilidad. Además, algunos síntomas pueden ser confundidos con los de otras patologías. Para un diagnóstico adecuado es necesaria una entrevista psiquiátrica que desvele la percepción que el enfermo tiene del propio cuerpo y la relación que mantiene con la comida. Asimismo, es necesaria una exploración física completa para detectar los trastornos fruto de su comportamiento alimenticio. Los objetivos del tratamiento son corregir los trastornos alimenticios y psicológicos de la enfermedad.
Bulimia
Tratamientos
Las dos aproximaciones al tratamiento son la psicoterapia y los fármacos. Es mejor que la psicoterapia la realice un terapeuta con experiencia en alteraciones del apetito, pudiendo resultar muy eficaz. Un fármaco antidepresivo a menudo puede ayudar a controlar la bulimia nerviosa, incluso cuando la persona no parece deprimida, pero el trastorno puede reaparecer al interrumpirse la administración del fármaco.
En virtud de la gravedad se puede recurrir a un tratamiento ambulatorio o a la hospitalización. En primer lugar se trata de evitar los vómitos, normalizar el funcionamiento metabólico del enfermo, se impone una dieta equilibrada y nuevos hábitos alimenticios. Junto a este tratamiento, encauzado hacia la recuperación física, se desarrolla el tratamiento psicológico con el fin de reestructurar las ideas racionales y corregir la percepción errónea que el paciente tiene de su propio cuerpo. El tratamiento también implica la colaboración de la familia, ya que en ocasiones el factor que desencadena la enfermedad se encuentra en su seno. La curación de la bulimia se alcanza en el 40 por ciento de los casos, si bien es una enfermedad intermitente que tiende a cronificarse. La mortalidad en esta enfermedad supera a la de la anorexia debido a las complicaciones derivadas de los vómitos y el uso de purgativos.
THE ANOREXIA
DEFINITION OF ANOREXIA
Define anorexia and loss of appetite to lose weight quickly by restricting food intake (using laxatives or diuretics often), especially those with high caloric content.
We must make the difference between anorexia nervosa and low incorporation of food, the latter is not harmful as long as they follow a varied diet of food and body weight is appropriate for the individual. However, we can say that the first is a psychological disorder that requires medical treatment.
People suffering from anorexia have a distorted image of their body, they are fat when they are not because they have a state of extreme thinness. This type of disease is based on a large alteration of feeding behavior trying to keep body weight below normal and a great fear of weight gain.
As mentioned before, the weight loss is achieved through eating less and less amount of food, especially those high in calories, most anorexics finished with a very restricted diet accompanied by exercise.
TYPES OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA
There are different types of anorexia:Of restrictive: where the weight loss achieved through diet and intense exercise, where the affected do not resort to binge eating or purging type.Compulsive nature, these individuals do resort to binge eating or purging after eating even small amounts of food to lose weight.
There are different types of anorexia:Of restrictive: where the weight loss achieved through diet and intense exercise, where the affected do not resort to binge eating or purging type.Compulsive nature, these individuals do resort to binge eating or purging after eating even small amounts of food to lose weight.
SYMPTOMS OF ANOREXIA
Anorexia can diagnose not only to see a person with low body weight, this disease presents very typical characteristics of this disorder:Refusal to maintain normal weight according to age and height of individuals, adoption of different diets, targeting only the thin, hostile and irritable nature, you tend to have attitudes of depression, physical activity, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image in women there is the absence of three consecutive menstrual cycles, worry about the calories of food are abdominal pain, vomiting, worry about how meals are prepared (with what ingredients), restriction food, hyperactivity, among other things.
Anorexia can diagnose not only to see a person with low body weight, this disease presents very typical characteristics of this disorder:Refusal to maintain normal weight according to age and height of individuals, adoption of different diets, targeting only the thin, hostile and irritable nature, you tend to have attitudes of depression, physical activity, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image in women there is the absence of three consecutive menstrual cycles, worry about the calories of food are abdominal pain, vomiting, worry about how meals are prepared (with what ingredients), restriction food, hyperactivity, among other things.
Physicians agree that the profile of a person suffering from anorexia is identical to that of those with bulimia although both disorders are different. The behavior of a patient with bulimia or anorexia is based on being very immature and dependent on family, with a great fear of sexual maturity and take responsibility.
ANOREXIA
There are several complications in the case of anorexia if it is not treated in a timely and appropriate manner, here we name: glandular thickening caused vomiting, tooth decay, tooth root wear, loss of teeth, tearing of the esophagus, inflammation of the throat making it increasingly difficult to swallow, stomach cramps, digestive problems, anemia, gastroinstestinales, etc.Then there are the complications that occur when an abuse of diuretics: decreased level of potassium, decreased reflexes, manifestation of thirst, liver damage, and irregular heartbeat, among other conditions.
Anorexics can be easily recognized by various emotional symptoms: not having the ability to cope with emotional situations or exoresarse, there is a decline in social relationships (there is an insulation), mood swings, compulsion and shame because of their bad eating habits. This hypersensitivity in the emotional area is accompanied by the desire to manage feelings and reactions that are affected by this social conditioning to look good, which indicates to an anorexic weight loss.
ANOREXIA
TREATMENT OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA
There are various treatments to cure anorexia, alternatives include psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, drug therapy, family, etc. The objectives of these treatments is to regulate the power in the individual and the family try to solve their shortcomings and the role of the family is essential for recovery. It is recommended for concerned parents to try to find her son missing values, encourage initiative, independence and self-esteem. Help you manage your anxiety, if they occur suspicious behavior should not conceal but seek professional help quickly, not to impose food: the issue of food does not become an argument.
There are various treatments to cure anorexia, alternatives include psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, drug therapy, family, etc. The objectives of these treatments is to regulate the power in the individual and the family try to solve their shortcomings and the role of the family is essential for recovery. It is recommended for concerned parents to try to find her son missing values, encourage initiative, independence and self-esteem. Help you manage your anxiety, if they occur suspicious behavior should not conceal but seek professional help quickly, not to impose food: the issue of food does not become an argument.
LA ANOREXIA
DEFINICIÓN DE ANOREXIA
Las personas que sufren anorexia tienen una imagen errónea de su cuerpo, se ven gordos cuando no lo están ya que tienen un estado de extrema delgadez. Este tipo de enfermedad se basa en una gran alteración de la conducta alimenticia que trata de mantener el peso corporal debajo de los normal y un gran miedo a obtener peso.
Como dijimos antes, la pérdida de peso se obtiene a través de ingerir cada vez menos cantidad de alimentos, en especial aquellos con alto contenido calórico, la mayoría de los anoréxicos termina realizando una dieta restringida acompañada de mucho ejercicio físico.
TIPOS DE ANOREXIA NERVIOSA
Existen distintos tipos de anorexia:
De carácter restrictivo: en donde la pérdida de peso se consigue a través de una dieta y ejercicio intenso, en dónde la los afectados no recurren a los atracones o cualquier tipo de purga.
De índole compulsiva: estos individuos sí recurren a atracones o purgas incluso después de ingerir pequeñas cantidades de comida, para así perder peso.
De carácter restrictivo: en donde la pérdida de peso se consigue a través de una dieta y ejercicio intenso, en dónde la los afectados no recurren a los atracones o cualquier tipo de purga.
De índole compulsiva: estos individuos sí recurren a atracones o purgas incluso después de ingerir pequeñas cantidades de comida, para así perder peso.
SÍNTOMAS DE LA ANOREXIA
La anorexia se puede diagnosticar no sólo al ver a una persona con un bajo peso corporal, esta enfermedad presenta ciertas características muy propias de dicho trastorno:Rechazo a mantener el peso normal de acuerdo a la edad y a la altura del individuo, adopción de distintas dietas, tener como objetivo únicamente la delgadez, carácter hostil e irritable, la persona tiende a tener actitudes depresivas, actividad física intensa, miedo intenso a ganar peso, distorsión de la imagen del cuerpo, en las mujeres existe la ausencia de tres ciclos menstruales consecutivos, preocupación por las calorías de los alimentos, se presentan dolores abdominales, vómitos, preocupación por cómo son elaboradas las comidas (con qué ingredientes), restricción de alimentos, hiperactividad entre otras cosas
Los médicos asienten que el perfil de una persona que padece anorexia es idéntico al de aquellas personas que padecen bulimia aunque ambos trastornos sean diferentes. El comportamiento de un paciente con bulimia o anorexia se basa en ser muy inmaduro y dependientes del núcleo familiar, con un gran miedo a la maduración sexual y a asumir responsabilidades.
ANOREXIA
Existen diversas complicaciones en el caso de la anorexia si ésta no es tratada a tiempo y de una forma adecuada, aquí las nombramos: los vómitos provocan engrosamiento glandular, caries, desgaste de la raíz dental, pérdida de piezas dentales, desgarramiento del esófago, inflamación de la garganta haciendo que se dificulte cada vez más tragar, espasmos estomacales, problemas digestivos, anemia, problemas gastroinstestinales, etc.
También están las complicaciones que se manifiestan cuando se produce un abuso de diuréticos: descenso del nivel de potasio, disminución de los reflejos, manifestación de sed, daño hepático, y arritmia cardíaca, entre otras afecciones.
También están las complicaciones que se manifiestan cuando se produce un abuso de diuréticos: descenso del nivel de potasio, disminución de los reflejos, manifestación de sed, daño hepático, y arritmia cardíaca, entre otras afecciones.
Los anoréxicos pueden ser reconocidos fácilmente por distintos síntomas emocionales: no tener la habilidad para hacer frente a situaciones emocionales o exoresarse, hay una disminución de las relaciones sociales (se produce un aislamiento), cambios drásticos de humor, compulsión y vergüenza debido a sus malos hábitos alimenticios. Esta hipersensibilidad en el área emocional está acompañada por ese deseo de poder manejar sentimientos y reacciones que son afectadas por ese condicionamiento social de verse bien, lo que indica para un anoréxico perder peso.
ANOREXIA
Tratamiento de la Anorexia Nerviosa
Hay diversos tratamientos para la cura de la anorexia, las alternativas son: psicoterapia, terapia comportamental, terapia medicamentosa, familiar, etc. Los objetivos de estos tratamientos es regularizar la alimentación en el individuo y tratar que el entorno familiar solucione sus disfunciones ya que el papel de la familia es fundamental para la recuperación. Se recomienda en el caso de los padres del afectado que traten de hacer encontrar a su hijo los valores perdidos, fomentar su iniciativa, independencia y autoestima. Ayudarlo a manejar su ansiedad, si se manifiestan actitudes sospechosas no hay que encubrirlas sino pedir ayuda profesional rápidamente, no imponer comida; que el tema de la alimentación no se convierta en una discusión.
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